'Reptile Recon': Silent Push uses IP diversity queries to map out CryptoChameleon fast flux IOFAs. Hundreds of domains, IPs, and ASNs discovered

May 29, 2024

CryptoChameleon is a phishing kit first discovered in February 2024. As of publication, the identity of CryptoChameleon’s creator remains elusive.

The kit is used by unknown threat actors to harvest usernames, passwords, password reset URLs, and photo IDs from employees and customers’ mobile devices.

Silent Push Threat Analysts have conducted a wide-ranging research campaign that has revealed a large amount of CryptoChameleon fast flux Indicators of Future Attack (IOFAs) targeting Binance, Coinbase and FCC users, and a host of other platforms, including:

Apple iCloud
Google
Gemini
Kraken
Gamdom
Ledger
Swan Bitcoin
Trezor Hardware Wallet
Uphold
Nexo Crypto
Shake Pay Crypto

Background

On 6th February 2024, Silent Push analysts noticed malicious activity targeting the FCC, and reported it confidentially to CISA.

Subsequent research, published by cloud security vendor Lookout, referenced the same domain as our FCC report, which we now know to be CryptoChameleon infrastructure.

Initial reports noted the targeting of employees at the FCC, Binance and Coinbase, among others, in sophisticated email, SMS, and voice phishing attacks.

CryptoChameleon TTPs

A phishing kit can broadly be defined as a group of tools and files that work together to propagate phishing activity, and quickly deploy infrastructure.

CryptoChameleon phishing activity is propagated using a range of DNS-based and on-page TTPs.

DNSPod nameservers

Our research has discovered that CryptoChameleon makes almost exclusive use of DNSPod[.]com nameservers.

DNSPod are a self-proclaimed “intelligent DNS provider” that’s been used by botnets and bullet-proof hosting operators to propagate malicious activity for a number of years, with an estimated 30% of its infrastructure engaged in malicious activity, according to a recent Unit42 report.

DNSPod is owned by Tencent Cloud, and is based out of China.

Fast flux techniques

CryptoChameleon uses DNSPod nameservers to engage in fast flux evasion techniques that allow threat actors to quickly cycle through large amounts of IPs linked to a single domain name.

Fast flux allows CryptoChameleon infrastructure to evade traditional countermeasures, and significantly reduces the operational value of legacy point-in-time IOCs.

For more information on fast flux techniques, read our Gamaredon report.

Additional TTPs

Silent Push has also tracked a number of additional TTPs that we aren’t able to divulge in a public blog, for OPSEC reasons.

These variables are linked to the deployment of phishing domains, and form a behavioural fingerprint that allows for quick and easy monitoring of all associated infrastructure.

Silent Push Enterprise users have access to a CryptoChameleon TLP Amber report that reveals these additional measures, along with the specific queries and parameters we’ve used to uncover CryptoChameleon infrastructure, and automated mitigation steps, including dedicated domain and IP feeds.

Phishing kit behaviour

Analysis of the phishing kit indicates the ability to impersonate many different brands, across a range of sectors.

Our research aligns with other public research, which states that CryptoChameleon has separate phishing kits targeting public sector organizations.

The CryptoChameleon phishing kit copies the exact branding of legitimate websites and landing pages, with some key differences that allow the kit to evade standard countermeasures.

CryptoChameleon targets

CryptoChameleon phishing pages contain slices of data that detail the C2 server that’s being used to intercept a user’s personal information, and the organizations that are being targeted.

Analyzing one such domain – lookoutsucks[.]com (likely a parody of Lookout[.]com – the research group that was first to publicize information about the phishing kit), we can see the following companies listed:

Yahoo
Outlook
Gemini
Kraken
Apple / iCloud
Twitter
Binance
Uphold
Lastpass
Google/Gmail
AOL

These details are stored alongside password reset prompts, sign-in prompts, OTP prompts, and 2FA flows that target any user who interacts with the domain.

CryptoChameleon phishing pages

Here’s a few screenshots that show CryptoChameleon phishing infrastructure across various websites.

Swan CryptoChameleon phishing page — *Swan phishing page*

Kraken CryptoChameleon phishing page — *Kraken phishing page*

Ledger CryptoChameleon phishing page — *Ledger phishing page*

Apple CryptoChameleon phishing page — *Apple phishing page*

Gamdom CryptoChameleon phishing page — *Gamdom phishing page*

Traversing CryptoChameleon’s DNSPod infrastructure

We started by focusing our attention on DNSPod[.]com – the largest DNS provider in China, known to host a range of malicious infrastructure.

To traverse CryptoChameleon fast flux infrastructure, we executed an IP diversity query using *.dnspod[.]com nameservers as a primary parameter, and a range of secondary parameters informed by what we already know about CryptoChameleon’s deployment methods.

The full list of parameters are available in the aforementioned TLP Amber report.

Silent Push IP diversity queries return a list of IP addresses that a domain or URL has pointed to over a period of time, giving us a wealth of information that we used to map out associated infrastructure.

Analyzing the results

Silent Push DNS queries are built upon a first-party database that puts the emphasis on tracking the underlying infrastructure (nameservers, ASNs etc.) involved in an attack, rather than legacy IOCs that are the mainstay of most security teams’ brand defense workflows.

This allows defenders to anticipate and block pre-weaponized infrastructure by creating an automated early warning system that evaluates a domain or IP based in its relationship with a hosting provider or ASN.

Our IP diversity search allowed us to pinpoint numerous AS names and numbers that are actively involved in propagating CryptoChameleon attacks across the globe.

AS Names

VDSina: Russian host
Sannikov Kirill Vladimirovich (aka SANNIKOV): Russian host
TIMEWEB-AS: Russian host
Garant-Park-Internet LLC (aka GARANT): Russian host
ALIBABA: Chinese host

AS numbers

AS29470 JSC Retnet: Russia
AS212441 Cloud Assets LLC: Russia
AS212441 Cloud Assets LLC: Russia
AS35278 Sprinthost LLC: Russia

Discovering associated domains

Our query returned 83 domains (as of writing) that are visibly similar to previous CryptoChameleon infrastructure, such as these domains targeting Coinbase:

76153-coinbse[.]com
81758-coinbse[.]com
81920-coinbse[.]com
81926-coinbse[.]com
81958-coinbse[.]com
826298-coinbse[.]com
83216-coinbse[.]com
837613-coinbse[.]com
83956-coinbse[.]com

Our team then analyzed the domains found via the DNSPod nameserver filtering process, and executed a Web Scanner query using a common set of characteristics, that allowed us to scan for matching infrastructrure.

CryptoChameleon infrastructure ownership

CryptoChamelon appears to control all the domains hosted on 188.68.221[.]152, and several private IP ranges where 95% of the domains follow similar patterns, with the others being more random but potentially still owned by the same operators.

The phishing kit also controls all the domains on the following IPs:

5.188.88[.]11
84.38.181[.]13
45.131.41.244
185.251.88[.]223
158.160.156[.]135

Here’s a sample of IPs containing CryptoChameleon-controlled infrastructure, where many of the domains are mapped to multiple IP ranges:

213.226.112[.]47 – 68 domains
78.153.149[.]108 – 68 domains
77.221.140[.]195 – 69 domains
45.151.232[.]72 – 133 domains
45.151.232[.]64 – 127 domains
45.151.232[.]66 – 48 domains
195.58.51[.]185 – 114 domains
185.185.71[.]105 – 103 domains
31.41.44[.]243 – 108 domains
5.188.88[.]229 – 66 domains
5.188.88[.]112 – 85 domains
87.251.79[.]177 – 82 domains
185.185.70[.]94 – 128 domains
5.188.88[.]34 – 102 domains
141.98.235[.]115 – 32 domains

*Enrichment page for CryptoChameleon IP*

Using Silent Push to combat CryptoChameleon

All domains and IPs gathered from our research are populated in two dedicated CryptoChameleon IOFA feeds, which are constantly updated using the queries and scans discussed in this blog.

Enterprise users can use our API endpoints to feed CryptoChameleon IOFAs into their existing security stack, or access a time-limited API URL that returns a live data set.

Enterprise users can also use our TLP Amber report to pinpoint hostile ASNs and nameservers involved in CryptoChameleon activity.

Community and Enterprise users have access to a range of IP diversity queries – along with our Web Scanner – that allow security teams to quickly join the dots between billions of disparate data points, and form a complete picture of CryptoChameleon TTPs.

Register for Community Edition

Silent Push Community Edition is a free threat hunting and cyber defense platform featuring a range of advanced offensive and defensive lookups, web content queries, and enriched data types, that we used to track CryptoChameleon phishing activity.

Click here to sign-up for a free Community Edition account.

IOFA sample

A full list of CryptoChameleon IOFAs are available as part of a Silent Push Enterprise subscription, via two dedicated IOFA feeds and a TLP Amber report.